Samskara (ayurvedic)

This article is about the ayruvedic medicinal process. See Samskara (disambiguation) for other meanings of Samskara.

A samskara is a process in ayurvedic medicine claimed to detoxify heavy metals and toxic herbs.

In ayurveda, toxic ingredients, which sometimes include heavy metals such as mercury,[1] are claimed to be purified using a process of prayer and pharmacy. There is no evidence that this process is generally effective, and case reports describe adverse effects of taking these substances.[2]

Rasa shastra, the practice of adding metals, minerals or gems to herbs, is a source of toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury and arsenic.[2] Adverse reactions to herbs due to their pharmacology are described in traditional ayurvedic texts, but ayurvedic practitioners are reluctant to admit that herbs could be toxic and the reliable information on herbal toxicity is not readily available.[3]

A 2004 study found such toxic metals in 20% of ayurvedic preparations that were made in South Asia for sale around Boston and extrapolated the data to the United States more broadly. It concluded that excess consumption of these products could cause health risks.[4] A 2008 study of more than 230 products found that approximately 20% of remedies (and 40% of rasa shastra medicines) purchased over the Internet from both US and Indian suppliers contained lead, mercury or arsenic.[2][5][6]

Following concerns about metal toxicity, the Government of India ruled that ayurvedic products must specify their metallic content directly on the labels of the product;[7] however, M. S. Valiathan noted that "the absence of post-market surveillance and the paucity of test laboratory facilities [in India] make the quality control of Ayurvedic medicines exceedingly difficult at this time.[7]

References

  1. ^ Kumar A, Nair AG, Reddy AV, Garg AN (March 2006). "Bhasmas: unique ayurvedic metallic-herbal preparations, chemical characterization". Biological Trace Element Research 109 (3): 231–54. doi:10.1385/BTER:109:3:231. PMID 16632893. 
  2. ^ a b c Saper, R. B.; Phillips, R. S.; Sehgal, A., et al. (August 2008). "Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in US- and Indian-manufactured ayurvedic Medicines Sold via the Internet". Journal of the American Medical Association 300 (8): 915–923. doi:10.1001/jama.300.8.915. PMC 2755247. PMID 18728265. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2755247. 
  3. ^ Urmila, T; Supriya, B. (2008). "Pharmacovigilance of Ayurvedic Medicines in India". Indian Journal of Pharmacology 40 (S1): 10–12. http://www.bioline.org.br/request?ph08015. 
  4. ^ Saper, R. B.; Kales, S. N.; Paquin, J. et al. (2004). "Heavy Metal Content of Ayurveda Herbal Medicine Products". Journal of the American Medical Association 292 (23): 2868–2673. doi:10.1001/jama.292.23.2868. PMID 15598918. 
  5. ^ Ellin, Abby (September 17, 2008). "Skin Deep: Ancient, but How Safe?". The New York Times (New York, NY: NYTC). http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/18/fashion/18skin.html?em=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved September 19, 2008. "A report in the August 27 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association found that nearly 21% of 193 ayurvedic herbal supplements bought online, produced in both India and the United States, contained lead, mercury or arsenic." 
  6. ^ Szabo, Liz (August 26, 2008). "Study Finds Toxins in Some Herbal Medicines". USA Today (McLean, VA: Gannett Co). http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2008-08-26-ayurvedic-medicines_N.htm. 
  7. ^ a b Valiathan, M. S. (2006). "Ayurveda: Putting the House in Order". Current Science (Indian Academy of Sciences) 90 (1): 5–6. http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jan102006/contents.htm.